Coupling magnetic levitation of graphene oxide–protein complexes with blood levels of glucose for early detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Abstract Introduction Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis since often diagnosed too late. Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia are considered risk factors, but the presence of tumor itself can determine onset these disorders. Therefore, it is not easy to predict which subjects with diabetes or dyslipidemia will develop have already developed PDAC. Over past decade, tests based on use nanotechnology, alone coupled common laboratory (e.g., hemoglobin levels), proven useful in aiding diagnosis Tests magnetic levitation (MagLev) demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy compliance REASSURED criteria. Here, we aimed assess ability MagLev test detecting PDAC when blood levels glycemia, cholesterol, triglycerides. Methods Blood samples from 24 patients 22 healthy controls were collected. Human plasma was let interact graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets emerging coronated systems put device. Outcomes Maglev experiments triglycerides levels. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) carried out evaluate classification terms specificity, sensitivity, global accuracy. Statistical performed Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA, Version R2022a) software. Results The positions levitating bands measured at starting point (i.e., as soon cuvette containing sample subjected field). Significant variations position nanosystems PDACs detected. combination outcomes glycemic returned best value (91%) if compared coupling those cholesterol (global ~ 77% 84%, respectively). Conclusion If confirmed by further studies larger cohorts, multiplexed Maglev-based nanotechnology-enabled could be employed screening tool for populations hyperglycemia.